節錄: 10個致癌物的特徵

Key Characteristics of Carcinogens as a Basis for Organizing Data on Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis

原文連結: http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/15-09912/#tab2
Received: 5 March 2015
Accepted: 13 November 2015
Advance Publication: 24 November 2015 (2015年11月出版)

Background: A recent review by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) updated the assessments of the more than 100 agents classified as Group 1, carcinogenic to humans (IARC Monographs Volume 100, parts A-F). This exercise was complicated by the absence of a broadly accepted, systematic method for evaluating mechanistic data to support conclusions regarding human hazard from exposure to carcinogens.

Objectives and Methods: IARC therefore convened two workshops in which an international Working Group of experts identified 10 key characteristics, one or more of which are commonly exhibited by established human carcinogens.

Discussion: These characteristics provide the basis for an objective approach to identifying and organizing results from pertinent mechanistic studies. The ten characteristics are the abilities of an agent to: (1) act as an electrophile either directly or after metabolic activation; (2) be genotoxic; (3) alter DNA repair or cause genomic instability; (4) induce epigenetic alterations; (5) induce oxidative stress; (6) induce chronic inflammation; (7) be immunosuppressive; (8) modulate receptor-mediated effects; (9) cause immortalization; and (10) alter cell proliferation, cell death, or nutrient supply.

翻譯

世界衛生組織研究癌症的機構IARC更新它們對物質的評估研究，將超過100個物質歸類為第一類致癌物(確認的人類致癌物)，這個研究報告很複雜因為缺乏廣泛被接受，系統性的評估致癌物的方法支持有關於人類暴露到致癌物的結論。

因此IARC舉辦了兩個國際性專家工作小組的工作坊來辨識出10個關鍵的特徵，人類致癌物通常會展現出一個或以上的特質。

這10個特徵是這個可能引發癌症的物質，他具有有這些能力:

1.親電性，原本就有的或是在代謝過程後啟動

2.基因毒性

3.改變DNA修復機制或引發基因的不穩定

4.誘發表基因的改變

5.誘發氧化壓力

6.誘發慢性發炎

7.免疫抑制

8.會調控接受器中介的效果

9.引發不死化

10.改變細胞增殖或細胞死亡、或營養供應。

這些跟食物不一定有關~但就是翻譯一下生活中若有物質他被研究發現具有這些特性，那大家可要當心了~!!

對不起~ 原本兩個月前就打算要出刊了結果拖到現在

希望這個研究不要太過時~